27 T OP ENERGY RELEASE and CONSERVATION Questions and Answers

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1. Organisms can synthesize ATP by oxidative phosphorylation when they

A. ferment
B. oxidize glucose to pyruvate
C. pass electrons from the oxidation of chlorophyll through an electron transport system
D. pass electrons to oxygen through an electron transport system containing cytochromes

Answer: D

2. How many molecules of carbon dioxide will be given off during ten turns of the Krebs cycle?

A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40

Answer: B

3. In cellular metabolism, O2 is used

A. to provide electrons for photophosphorylation
B. in glycolysis
C. as a terminal electron acceptor
D. in the Krebs cycle

Answer: C

4. In glycolysis, ATP is created by

A. photophosphorylation
B. the chemiosmotic mechanism
C. substrate level phosphorylation
D. the pentose phosphate pathway

Answer: C

5. Suppose a eukaryotic cell had a mutation that prevented the production of cytochrome c. As a result of this mutation, which of the following processes would not occur?

A. Cellular respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Mitosis
D. Cell wall synthesis

Answer: A

6. Which of the following best explains about the usefulness of the production of ethanol in yeast cells under anaerobic conditions?

A. Ethanol keeps the electron transport system functioning
B. Yeast would be unable to activate the enzymes of the Krebs cycle without ethanol
C. The process generates oxygen, which is required for glycolysis
D. The process regenerates NAD+, which is required for glycolysis

Answer: D

7. The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is

A. CoQ
B. a cytochrome
C. FMN
D. oxygen

Answer: D

8. The amount of energy (cal/mole) in an ATP molecule produced by a cell from glucose by fermentation is

A. greater than aerobic metabolism
B. less than aerobic metabolism
C. exactly or approximately equal to aerobic metabolism
D. none of the above

Answer: C

9. The enzymes for glycolysis are located

A. on the inner surface of the cell membrane
B. on the inner membrane of the mitochondrion
C. on the outer membrane of the chloroplast
D. in the cytoplasm

Answer: D

10. Glucose can be broken down to pyruvate by

A. Entner-Doudoroff pathway
B. tricarboxylic acid cycle
C. both (a) and (b)
D. none of these

Answer: A

11. In lactic acid fermentation, the final electron acceptor would be

A. fructose B. pyruvate
C. glucose D. acetyl-CoA

Answer: B

12. The amount of ATP that can be obtained by complete oxidation of a glucose by a bacterium is

A. greater than by a yeast cell
B. lesser than by a yeast cell
C. exactly or approximately equal to by a yeast cell
D. none of these

Answer: A

13. Which of the following is accomplished in chemiosmosis?

A. The oxidation of ATP
B. The oxidation of water
C. The oxidation of NADH
D. The oxidation of CO2

Answer: C

14. A yeast or fungal cell produces how many net ATP molecules per molecule of glucose when completely oxidized?

A. 32
B. 34
C. 36
D. 38

Answer: C

15. Before most molecules can enter the Krebs citric acid cycle, they must be converted to

A. citric acid
B. oxaloacetic acid
C. NADH or FADH
D. acetyl-CoA

Answer: D

ENERGY RELEASE and CONSERVATION Questions and Answers ::

16. How many oxygen molecules are required in the fermentation of one molecule of glucose to ethanol and CO2?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 36

Answer: A

17. Most bacterial fermentations yield how many net ATP molecules per molecule of glucose?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 4
D. 6

Answer: B

18. The amount of ATP produced by a cell from glucose when metabolizing it by fermentation means is

A. greater than by aerobic metabolism
B. lesser than by aerobic metabolism
C. exactly or approximately equal to by aerobic metabolism
D. none of these

Answer: B

19. Which one of the following is produced in the greatest numbers during one turn of the Krebs cycle?

A. NADH
B. Acetyl-CoA
C. FADH2
D. ATP

Answer: A

20. Aerobic respiration differs from anaerobic respiration in which of the following respects?

A. Anaerobic respiration is glycolysis
B. Aerobic respiration requires the electron transport chain
C. The final electron acceptors are different
D. Aerobic respiration produces less ATP

Answer: C

21. For each pair of electrons passing from NADH located inside the mitochondria to oxygen, how many ATP molecules can be generated?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

Answer: C

22. In anaerobic respiration, the final electron acceptor can be

A. oxygen
B. nitrate
C. pyruvate
D. acetyl-CoA

Answer: B

23. Which one of the following is not produced in any of the steps of glycolysis?

A. NAD+
B. NADH
C. ADP
D. ATP

Answer: A

24. The number of ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule by a bacterium producing lactic acid is

A. greater than producing ethanol
B. lesser than producing ethanol
C. approximately equal to producing ethanol
D. none of these

Answer: C

25. Which of the following is the most complete definition of fermentation?

A. Oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors
B. Complete catabolism of glucose to CO2 and HO2
C. Production of energy by substrate-level phosphorylation
D. Production of ethyl alcohol from glucose

Answer: A

26. The enzymes that catalyze the reactions of the Krebs cycle are found in which subcellular organelle of eukaryotes?

A. Mitochondrion
B. Chloroplast
C. Ribosome
D. Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: A

27. Fatty acids are oxidized to acetyl-CoA by which of the following pathways?

A. β-oxidation
B. Entner-Doudoroff
C. pentose phosphate pathway
D. Embden-Meyerhof pathway

Answer: A